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The South End is a neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts, it is bordered by the Back Bay, Chinatown, and Roxbury. It is distinguished from other neighborhoods by the Victorian style houses that can be found as well as the many parks that it holds within and around the area. The South End is the largest intact Victorian row house district in the country, which is made up of over 300 acres. In this community you can find a series of eleven residential parks that are scattered around the South End. In 1973, the South End was listed in the National Register of Historic Places.〔 The beginning constructions of the South End started in 1849 with the neighborhood being built on tidal marshes. It is home to many diverse groups from immigrants, young families, professionals, and it is very popular with the gay and lesbian community of Boston.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.bostonredevelopmentauthority.org/neighborhoods/south-end/at-a-glance )〕 Since the 1880s the South End has been characterized by its diversity, with substantial Irish, Lebanese, Jewish, African-American, and Greek populations. Today, it is 55.2% white, 13.3% Hispanic, 12.5% Black or African American, 16.2% Asian, and 2.7% other.〔 In the South End, approximately 55.2% of its residents have a bachelor's degree or higher. The median household income as of 2010 is about $57,699 for those who live in this neighborhood. The median age for the South End is 36 years old. While most South Enders (65.6%) primarily speak English, 12.9% primarily speak Spanish. The South End holds about 5 primary and secondary schools that offer education from kindergarten to grade 12. It doesn't only hold schools but the South End is rich in diverse restaurants as well as offering many bars, art galleries, and boutiques. Banks and ATMs can now be found in this community. This is a recently new addition to the South End (as of 2006). It is also conveniently located within the radius of three libraries that offer many different programs for not only children but for adults as well. ==Geography== The South End lies south of the Back Bay, northwest of South Boston, northeast of Roxbury, north of Dorchester, and southwest of Bay Village. Despite the name, it is not directly south of the center of downtown Boston. The neighborhood is built upon a former tidal marsh, a part of a larger project of the filling of Boston's Back Bay (north and west of Washington Street) and South Bay (south and east of Washington Street), from the 1830s to the 1870s. Fill was brought in by trains from large trenches of gravel excavated in Needham, Massachusetts. The South End was filled and developed before Back Bay, which was mostly built after the American Civil War. Nineteenth century technology did not allow for driving steel piles into bedrock and instead a system of submerged timbers provided an understructure for most South End buildings.〔http://www.bostongeology.com/boston/casestudies/southend/southend.htm〕 Recent decreases in underground water levels have caused damage to some wood pilings by exposing them to air. A series of monitoring wells have been drilled and the water level is now checked by the Boston Groundwater Trust,〔http://www.bostongroundwater.org〕 and can be adjusted by the introduction of water. The South End was once bordered to the north and west by the Boston and Providence Railroad, which terminated at the B&P RR Station bordering the Public Garden. The railroad line is now covered by the Southwest Corridor Park and terminates at Back Bay Station. Most of the cross streets in the neighborhood are named after cities and towns served by it or by the Boston and Albany Railroad: Greenwich, Newton, Canton, Dedham, Brookline, Rutland, Concord, Worcester, Springfield, Camden, Maine, Northampton, Sharon, Randolph, Plympton, Stoughton, Waltham, Dover, Chatham, and Wareham. The primary business thoroughfares of the South End are Columbus Avenue, Tremont Street, and Washington Street, all between West Newton Street and Berkeley Street. Washington Street, the original causeway that connected Roxbury to Boston, experienced considerable reinvestment in the 1990s. The street was once defined by the Washington Street Elevated, an elevated train that was moved to below Southwest Corridor Park in the 1980s. Currently, two branches of the Silver Line, Boston's first bus rapid transit line, run along Washington Street. Columbus Avenue, the third main street of the South End, also has numerous restaurants and provides a remarkable straight-line view to the steeple of Park Street Church. Today the modern MBTA Orange Line rapid transit train runs along the partially covered Southwest Corridor, with neighborhood stops at Back Bay (also an MBTA Commuter Rail stop due to its proximity to the Copley Square employment center) and Massachusetts Avenue. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「South End, Boston」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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